A general term for floating ice which has been squeezed together and in places forced upwards; includes rafted ice, telescoped ice, hummocked ice and ridge ice.
Floating sea, river, or lake ice that has been deformed, altered, or forced upward in pressure ridges by the lateral stresses of any combination of wind, water currents, tides, waves, and surf.
Sea ice (or river ice or lake ice) that has been deformed or altered by the lateral stresses of any combination of wind, water currents, tides, waves, and surf. This may include ice pressed against th
e shore, or one piece of ice upon another. Its two major forms are rafted ice and tented ice, which, individually or in combinations, may form pressure ridges or hummocked ice.
A general term for floating ice which has been squeezed together and in places forced upwards, when it can also be described as rafted ice, hummocked ice or ridge.
The melting of ice due to applied pressure. The melting point of pure ice is lowered 0.0072 K per atmosphere of applied pressure. Pressure melting is responsible for regelation. Lowering the melting p
oint of ice by applying pressure. Lowering the melting point of ice by applying pressure
The melting of ice due to applied pressure. The melting point of pure ice is lowered 0.0072 K per atmosphere of applied pressure. Pressure melting is responsible for regelation.
The temperature at which ice and water are in thermodynamic equilibrium at a given pressure. The pressure-melting temperature is 273.15 K when the pressure is 101 325 Pa, changing, when the water is s
aturated with air, at 9.8 108 K Pa-1 or, in ice of density 900 kg m-3, about 0.86 103K m-1. This means, for example, that beneath 4000 m of such ice the pressure-melting temperature is 269.75 K3 K m-1. For pure water and ice the corresponding rates are 7.4 108 K Pa-1 and about 0.65 10Factors other than pressure can alter the melting point; see temperate ice. The pair (273.15 K, 101 325 Pa) is known in thermodynamics as the ice point. The specified pressure is the sea-level pressure of the standard atmosphere defined by the International Civil Aeronautical Organization (1993). See also triple point.
Process that occurs when wind, ocean currents, and other forces push sea ice around into piles that rise and form small mountains above the level sea ice surface; ridges are initially thin and transpa
rent with very sharp edges from blocks of ice piling up; also see keels.