The vertical component, when it is directed downward, of the glacier-flow velocity vector at the glacier surface, at a point fixed in space. When the component is directed upward, it is called the eme
rgence velocity. The submergence velocity is related through the continuity equation to the climatic-basal mass balance and the rate of thickness change. The component is typically upward in the ablation zone and downward in the accumulation zone.
The study of astronomical objects with submillimeter waves. As with millimeter-wave astronomy, this part of the spectrum is rich in lines emitted by interstellar molecules and dust.
An obsolete term, due to Ahlmann (1935), describing a glacier with an accumulation zone in which, except for possible seasonal warming and melting near the surface, the temperature is below the freezi
ng point to depths of 100 m or more. The term is sometimes used as if it were a synonym of polythermal glacier.
Glacier in which the ice found from the its surface to base has a temperature as cold as -30 Celsius throughout the year. This is well below the pressure melting point. However, melting does occur in
the accumulation zone in the summer. One of the three types of glaciers: cold glacier; temperate glacier; and subpolar glacier.
Surface zone of atmospheric low pressure located at about 60 North and South latitude. These low pressure systems are produced by the frontal lifting of subtropical air masses over polar air.