The northern front of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current that separates the polar frontal zone in the south from the subantarctic zone in the north. It is characterized by sea surface temperatures near
7-9C and a salinity minimum of 33.8-34.0 psu produced by high rainfall.
The water mass of the subantarctic zone. It has a temperature of 4-10C in winter (August) and 4-14C in summer (January) and a salinity of 33.9-34.9 psu in winter, which can decrease to 33.0 in summer
from the melting of ice.
A water mass identified by a salinity minimum found at a depth of about 600 m in the North Pacific Ocean. It is formed at various locations along the Arctic Polar Front and spreads toward the equator
between the central water and the deep water. The equivalent water mass in the Atlantic Ocean is known as Arctic Intermediate Water.