a method for determining structure by directing a beam of X-rays at the sample and detecting the positions and intensities of the diffracted X-rays as a pattern of spots on a photographic plate. (CHMO
)
Rank of a flare based on its x-ray energy output. Flares are classified by the NOAA according to the order of magnitude of the peak burst intensity (I) measured at the Earth by satellites in the 0.1 t
o 0.8 nm band as follows:
Peak, 0.1 to 0.8 nm flux
(W m-2)
B I < 10-6
C 10-6 <= I < 10-5
M 10-5 <= I < 10-4
X I>= 10-4
A multiplicative factor is appended to the end of the class (e.g. M8 = 8 x 10-5 W m-2)