The study of soils at temperatures below 0 degrees Celsius, with particular reference to soils subject to intensive frost action, and to soils overlying permafrost.
"The study of [ground movement caused by] intensive frost action and of permafrost, their causes and occurrences, and the engineering devices and practices which may be devised to overcome difficultie
s brought about by them." (from Glossary of Arctic and Subarctic Terms 1955).
A layer of Unfrozen Ground that is perennially cryotic (forming part of the Permafrost), in which freezing is prevented by freezing-point depression due to the dissolved-solids content of the pore wat
er. Three types of Cryopeg can be distinguished on the basis of their position with respect to Permafrost: a basal Cryopeg forms the basal portion of the Permafrost; an isolated Cryopeg is entirely surrounded by perennially Frozen Ground; and a marine Cryopeg is found in coastal or subsea perennially Frozen Ground; marine Cryopegs may also be basal and/or isolated.
A layer of unfrozen ground that is perennially cryotic (forming part of the permafrost), in which freezing is prevented by freezing-point depression due to the dissolved-solids content of the pore wat
er
A layer of unfrozen ground that is perennially cryotic (forming part of the permafrost), in which freezing is prevented by freezing-point depression due to the dissolved-solids content of the pore wat
er.
A type of erosion peculiar to high latitudes and/or high elevations. Specifically, it is land reduction by the processes of intensive frost action, that is, congeliturbation, including soil creep, and
supplemented by the erosive actions of running water, moving ice, and other agents.
Closely related to pediment like surfaces are large terraces carved in bedrock. They usually occupy higher elevations in the landscape. Other terms used to describe these features are goletz terraces,
altiplanation terraces, Nivation terraces and equiplanation terraces. These slope profiles occur mainly in the unglaciated regions of northern North America, Russia, but have also been recognized in South America. Cryoplanation Terraces vary in form; they may be sickle-like or elongated and relatively narrow in shape. Their dimensions also vary; the smallest may be less than 50 m in maximum dimensions while others exceed 400-600 m in length.
Soil formed in either mineral or organic materials having permafrost either within 1 meter (3.3 feet) below the surface or, if the soil is strongly cryoturbated, within 2 meters (6.6 feet) below the s
urface, and having a mean annual ground temperature below 0 degrees Celsius.
Soil formed in either mineral or organic materials having permafrost either within 1 m below the surface or, if the soil is strongly cryoturbated, within 2 m below the surface, and having a mean annua
l ground temperature below 0˚C
Soil order (type) of the Canadian System of Soil Classification. This soil is common to high latitude tundra environments. The main identifying feature of this soil is a layer of permafrost within one
meter of the soil surface.